Pruritus control facilitates tolerating hemodialysis ( 9). Several studies reported a high rate of pruritus among hemodialysis patients ( 5, 7, 8), both in Iran and other countries. Patients with kidney failure suffer from several problems, one of the most important of which is pruritus ( 5), which causes minor irritation when it is localized and transient, but in severe and diffuses cases, it is intolerable and disabling, even may cause suicide ( 6). In Iran, the incidence of CKD increases by 15% each year, 95% of whom undergo hemodialysis and 5% peritoneal dialysis ( 4). It is estimated that every year CKD claims 60,000 lives worldwide. The global prevalence of CKD is 2 - 3%, and it doubles every 7 years. In addition, it is a major and common life-threatening disease ( 1) that has turned into a major public health concern worldwide, including in Iran ( 2, 3). Besides, the mean pruritus scores in the standard dialysis and cold dialysis methods with stepwise ultrafiltration profile were -0.73 ± 0.80 and -1.73 ± 1.16, respectively, showing a significant difference (P = 0.001).Ĭold hemodialysis with a stepwise ultrafiltration profile can be used as a simple and low-cost technique to improve both dialysis adequacy and relieve pruritus in hemodialysis patients.Ĭhronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased risk of different pathological processes that lead to an irreversible decline in kidney function. The mean and standard deviation of dialysis adequacy in both standard dialysis and cold dialysis techniques with stepwise ultrafiltration profile were 1.18 ± 0.36 and 1.44 ± 0.48, respectively, indicating that dialysis adequacy of the cold dialysis method with stepwise ultrafiltration profile was significantly higher (P = 0.001). Statistical significance was considered when P-value < 0.05.
Mean scores before and after dialysis were paired by t-test using SPSS version 22. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics (i.e., frequency, mean, and standard deviation). Dialysis adequacy was measured at the end of each session, and Yosipovitch’s Pruritus Severity Scale (PSS) was filled before and after each dialysis session. All patients attended three standard dialysis sessions (at a temperature of 37☌) and three cold dialysis sessions (36☌) with a stepwise dialysis ultrafiltration profile.
![ithenticate uf ithenticate uf](https://powerfulcount.weebly.com/uploads/1/2/3/9/123978941/808117927.png)
The current study aimed to investigate the effect of dialysis solution temperature and stepwise ultrafiltration profile on dialysis adequacy and pruritus of hemodialysis patients.įollowing a single group quasi-experimental design, 34 eligible hemodialysis patients admitted to the hemodialysis ward of Zahedan Medical Center (Iran) in 2020 were recruited using the convenience sampling technique.
![ithenticate uf ithenticate uf](https://www.pdffiller.com/preview/343/850/343850045.png)
It seems that dialysis adequacy affects the pruritus of hemodialysis patients. Patients with renal insufficiency who receive hemodialysis should be continuously monitored to avoid possible complications, as they are at increased risk of several problems, including pruritus, as one of the most annoying problems.